Phrasal Verbs (Grundverben mit Präpositionaler oder adverbialer Ergänzung) = Phrasal verbs
Eine der Besonderheiten der englischen Verben ist die, dass sie zusammen mit Präpositionen, Partikeln oder Adverbien ein neues Verb formen können, dessen Bedeutung von der primären abweicht. Bei einem Phrasal Verb handelt es sich um eine Kombination von Verben und Präpositionen bzw. Partikeln oder Adverbien. Üblicherweise kann man die Bedeutung eines Phrasal Verbs nicht aufgrund einzelner Worte, aus denen es besteht, erschließen. Infolgedessen bereitet dieses Kapitel besonders Nicht-Muttersprachlern einige Schwierigkeiten.
- Kate and Edward broke up yesterday. = Kate und Edward haben sich gestern getrennt.
Einzelne Verben können zusammen mit verschiedenen Partikeln/Präpositionen/Adverbien auftreten. Die Bedeutungen dieser Kombinationen unterscheiden sich jedoch voneinander. Schauen wir uns zum Beispiel das Verb “look” an:
- My older sister Sarah looked after me when I was a child. = Meine ältere Schwester Sarah kümmerte sich um mich, als ich ein Kind war.
- Look at her! She is so beautiful and successful! = Sieh sie dir an! Sie ist so wunderschön und erfolgreich!
- I am looking for my old brown sweater. Have you seen it in the living room? = Ich suche meinen alten braunen Pullover. Hast du ihn im Wohnzimmer gesehen?
- Look out! The floor in this room is wet. = Pass auf! Der Boden in diesem Zimmer ist nass.
- When Frederick got engaged to his girlfriend Amber, he started looking down on his friends. = Als sich Frederick mit seiner Freundin Amber verlobte, begann er, auf seine Freunde herabzublicken.
- I really look forward to seeing you on Wednesday. = Ich freue mich wirklich, dich am Mittwoch zu sehen.
Tabelle mit einigen häufig gebrauchten Phrasal Verbs:
PHRASAL VERB | DEFINITION | BEISPIEL | ÜBERSETZUNG |
ask out | invite on a date | John asked Kathy out
to lunch. |
einladen, jmdn. um eine Verabredung bitten |
back up | support | When Jim decided to start his own business, his mother backed him up. | unterstützen |
blow up | explode | The police found the man who wanted to blow up a plane. | sprengen, explodieren |
break down | stop functioning (machine, vehicle) | My computer broke down yesterday. | liegen bleiben, stehen bleiben, ausfallen (Maschine, Fahrzeug) |
break in | force entry to a building | The young man tried to break in the house but someone came by and he ran away. | einbrechen |
break up | end a relationship | He broke up with his girlfriend not long ago. | auseinander gehen, sich trennen |
bring someone down | make unhappy | Films with sad endings always bring me down. | herunterbringen, jmdn. unglücklich machen |
bring someone up | raise a child | Our parents brought us up to believe in ourselves. | erziehen, großziehen |
bring something
up |
start talking about a subject | I hate to bring this up but you still owe me £160. | erwähnen |
call off | cancel | They called off the meeting because half of the people were too busy to come. | absagen |
calm down | relax after being angry | Could you calm down? Everything will be okay. | beruhigen |
not care for someone/something | not like (formal) | I don’t care for her opinion. | jmdn./etw. nicht gerne haben (formell) |
catch up | get to the same point as someone else | I stopped and waited for my group to catch up. | jmdn. einholen, gleichziehen (zum Punkt gelangen, an dem sich schon jemand befindet) |
check in | arrive and register at a hotel or airport | When we arrive at the hotel, we have to check in first. | einchecken, sich anmelden (im Hotel, am Flughafen…) |
check out | leave a hotel | We packed and checked out of the hotel. | auschecken, sich abmelden (im Hotel) |
check someone/something out | look at carefully, investigate | The police is checking out the call. | jmdn./etw. überprüfen, untersuchen, sich etw. ansehen |
cheer up | become happier | Mary cheered up when Peter had finally arrived. | aufmuntern, aufheitern, glücklicher werden |
come across something | find unexpectedly | I sometimes come across protected flowers when hiking in mountains. | auf etw. stoßen, etw. zufällig finden |
count on someone/something | rely on | I know I can count on him whenever I need anything. | sich auf jmdn./etw. verlassen |
cut back on something | consume less | You should cut back on alcohol. | den Konsum von etw. einschränken |
do away with something | discard | It’s time to do away with all of these old clothes. | beseitigen, abschaffen |
dress up | wear nice clothing | The club we are going to is quite fancy so I suggest you dress up. | sich fein anziehen |
drop in/by/over | come without an appointment | You can drop in/by/over at my place any time you want. | vorbeikommen |
drop out | quit a class, school, course | He dropped out of school at the age of 15. | abbrechen, hinschmeißen (zum Beispiel die Schule) |
eat out | eat at a restaurant | Don’t cook. We’ll eat out tonight. | in einem Restaurant essen |
fall apart | break into pieces | My shoes are falling apart. I have to buy a new pair. | auseinanderfallen, auseinanderbrechen, sich auflösen (z. B. eine Organisation) |
figure out | understand, find the answer | Try to figure out what their intentions are because I would really like to know. | verstehen, herausfinden, Antworten auf eine Frage finden |
fill in | to write information in blanks | Fill in the form with your name, address, and email address and give it back to us. | ausfüllen |
find out | discover | We found out beautiful islands when travelling around by boat. | herausfinden , entdecken |
get along/on | like each other | I get along/on with my mother-in-law and visit her quite often. | sich mit jmdm. verstehen, auskommen, zurechtkommen |
get away | go on a vacation | After all this work, I can’t wait to get away next week. | Ferien machen |
get away with something | do without being noticed or punished | This time Tim won’t get away with cheating on his girlfriend. | mit etw. ungestraft davonkommen |
get over something | recover from an illness, loss, difficulty | It took her quite a while to get over her divorce. | etw. überwinden, bewältigen, mit etw. fertig werden (einer Krankheit, Verlust, Problemen) |
get round to something | finally find time to do | I hope I will get round to making a cake for my daughter’s birthday next week. | dazu kommen, etw. zu tun (endlich Zeit für etw. finden) |
get together | meet (usually for social reasons) | Let’s get together for our school anniversary. | sich treffen |
get up | get out of bed | My brother got up at five this morning and went to the seaside. | aufstehen (aus dem Bett) |
get up | stand | No matter how many times I fell I always got up and kept trying. | aufstehen, den Mut aufbringen, etw. zu tun |
give away | ruin a secret | My best friend gave away the news about my pregnancy by accident. | ein Geheimnis verraten |
give away | give something to someone for free | When my co-worker bought her new computer she gave away the old one. | verschenken |
give in | reluctantly stop fighting or arguing | My friend didn’t want to watch that comedy but gave in in the end. | nachgeben (bei einem Streit) |
give up | quit a habit | I have finally given up biting my nails. | aufhören, eine Gewohnheit aufgeben |
give up | stop trying | No matter how hard it gets you should never give up. | aufgeben (es nicht mehr versuchen) |
go after someone | follow someone | He didn’t want to leave me alone and when I went home he went after me. That was when I called the police. | jmdn. verfolgen |
go against someone | compete, oppose | I am very nervous since I am going against my biggest competitor tomorrow. | sich jmdm. widersetzen, gegen jmdn. antreten |
go ahead | proceed | Our boss said we can go ahead with our plan. | fortfahren, weitergehen |
go back | return to a place | She went back to work in the afternoon to finish some things. | zurückgehen |
go out | leave home to go on a social event | I am going out for a drink with my friends. | ausgehen |
go out with someone | date | Lucy has been going out with Dave for eight years and this year they are going to get married. | mit jmdm. ausgehen |
go over something | review | I went over my article for the last time and sent it to the publisher. | etw. durchsehen, überarbeiten |
go without something | suffer, lack, deprive yourself of | They were so poor that they had to go without food from time to time. | ohne etw. auskommen müssen, auf etw. verzichten |
grow apart | stop being friends over time | Amanda and her sister grew apart after Amanda had moved. | sich auseinander leben, sich jmdm. entfremden |
grow back | regrow | Don’t worry. Your hair will soon grow back. | nachwachsen |
grow up | become an adult | When our children grow up, we will have more time for each other. | erwachsen werden |
hand something in | submit | The deadline to hand in the reports is May 12. | abgeben, einreichen |
hand something over | give (usually unwillingly) | Johnny, now hand the mobile phone over to your father because he needs it. | etw. aushändigen, jmdm. etw. übergeben |
hang in | stay positive | Hang in there. Your hard work will sooner or later be repaid. | durchhalten (positiv bleiben) |
hang on | wait a short time (informal) | Hang on a second. I’ll go with you. | warten (eine kurze Zeit – informell) |
hang out | spend time relaxing together (informal) | I hang out with him and enjoy some good time almost every weekend. | herumhängen, abhängen (informell) |
hang up | end a phone call | He was so angry that he just hung up. | auflegen |
hold someone back | prevent from doing/going | I had to hold my friend back when they were teasing him about his sister. | jmdn./etw. zurückhalten |
hold back something | hide an emotion | She was hardly holding back the tears when they were leaving. | zurückhalten, unterdrücken (Gefühle) |
hold on | wait a short time | Please hold on. Ms Smith will be back in a second. | warten (eine kurze Zeit) |
hold up | rob | Have you heard that someone held up the post last evening? | stoppen und überfallen |
keep on doing | continue doing | Keep on doing the good work. | weitermachen |
keep something from someone | not tell | We kept my pregnancy from everyone for three months. | jmdm. etw. verheimlichen, jmdm. etw. vorenthalten |
keep out | stop from entering | The children should be kept out of my office. | fernhalten, nicht hereinlassen |
let down | fail to support or help, disappoint | John has never let me down and I am really happy for having him in my life. | jmdn. im Stich lassen, jmdn. enttäuschen |
let in | allow to enter | The old lady didn’t let the man in because she didn’t know him. | jmdn. hereinlassen |
look after | take care of | I had to look after my younger brother when my parents were away. | sich um jmdn. kümmern |
look down on | think less of, consider inferior | I don’t know why she looks down on everybody. Who does she think she is? | auf jmdn. herabblicken |
look for | try to find | I’m looking for my file. Have you seen it anywhere? | suchen |
look forward to | be excited about the future | I really look forward to meeting you. | sich auf etw./jmdn. freuen |
look into | investigate | She was looking into the possibilities of buying a franchise. | ermitteln, untersuchen |
look out | be careful, vigilant and take notice | Look out! This floor is slippery. | aufpassen, vorsichtig sein |
look over | check, examine | When I was looking over my seminar paper I found three grammatical mistakes. | überprüfen, untersuchen, durchsehen |
look up | search and find information in a reference book or database | I don’t know the meaning of this word but I can look it up the in the dictionary. | suchen, etw. nachschlagen (in einem Buch usw.) |
look up to | have a lot of respect for | I looked up to my grandmother when I was a child. | jmdn. verehren, zu jmdm. aufblicken (bewundern) |
make something
up |
invent, lie about something | The boy says the story about the rape is not true and that the girl has made it up. | sich etw. ausdenken |
make up | forgive each other | We refused to see each other for two weeks but we have made up now. | sich wieder mit jmdm. vertragen, versöhnen |
make up | apply cosmetics | I made her up for her date. | jmdn. schminken |
mix up | confuse two or more things | I mixed up everything I had intended to say at the meeting. | durcheinanderbringen |
pass away | die | After a long and painful struggle with cancer my grandfather passed away. | sterben |
pass out | faint | I almost passed out because of all the crowd and bad air. | in Ohnmacht fallen |
pay back | return owed money | I’ll pay you back that euro next time we see each other. | jmdm. Geld zurückzahlen |
pay for | be punished for doing something bad | I will make sure he will pay for being so mean to you. | für etw. bezahlen (für seine Sünden büßen) |
pick out | choose | Try these jeans. I picked them out for you because they will surely suit you. | aussuchen, auswählen |
point out | indicate with your finger | Can you point that actress out when she appears on the screen? | zeigen (mit einem Finger) |
put something down | put what you are holding on a surface or floor | You can put the luggage down and have some rest because the plane is delayed. | etw. absetzen, hinlegen, ablegen, abstellen |
put down | insult, make someone feel stupid | The man was putting his wife down because of her job. | jmdn. beleidigen, jmdn. schlechtmachen |
put off | postpone | The appointment was put off because of her illness. | aufschieben, hinausschieben, verlegen, verschieben |
put up with someone/something | tolerate | It’s difficult to put up with him when he is so stubborn. | jmdn./etw. tolerieren, ertragen |
put something on | put clothing/accessories on your body | I put on some make-up and went to work. | anziehen, aufsetzen (z. B. einen Hut) |
run into someone/something | meet unexpectedly | George ran into his elementary school teacher while walking down the street. | jmdm. zufällig begegnen, an etw. stoßen |
run over someone/something | drive a vehicle over a person or thing | When I was driving home I ran over a cat. It jumped on the road out of nowhere. | jmdn./etw. überfahren |
run out | have none left | We ran out of sugar, so I couldn’t make a cake. | etw. nicht mehr haben |
shop around | compare prices | Sue loves shopping around before buying anything. | Angebote und Preise vergleichen (in Geschäften) |
show off | act extra special for people watching (usually boastfully) | I think he is showing off a bit too much in that BMW. | prahlen, angeben |
sleep over | stay somewhere for the night (informal) | You don’t need to spend the night in a hotel. You can sleep over at my house. There is enough place. | auswärts übernachten (für eine Nacht – informell) |
stick to | continue doing something, limit yourself to one particular thing | Stick to your goals and you will succeed. | dabeibleiben, etw. zu tun, sich auf eine Sache begrenzen |
switch off | stop the energy flow, turn off | I switched off the TV and went to bed. | ausschalten |
switch on | start the energy flow, turn on | Can you switch on the radio? It would be nice to hear some music. | einschalten |
take after | resemble a family member | I take after my father. We are both lazy. | jmdm. ähneln, nach jmdm. geraten |
take apart | purposely break into pieces | He took the computer apart and repaired it. | auseinander nehmen, zerlegen |
take back | return an item | Mandy had to take her phone back because it didn’t work. | zurückgeben |
take off | start to fly | I am always nervous when the plane takes off. | abfliegen, abheben |
take off | remove something (usually clothing) | The doctor told me to take off my shirt. | ausziehen, ablegen |
take out | remove from a place or thing | Kim took out her handkerchief and blew her nose. | herausnehmen |
take out | pay for someone to go somewhere with you | He said he wanted to take me out to a Thai restaurant for dinner. | jmdn. ausführen, mit jmdm. ausgehen |
think over | consider | I really need time to think it over before I decide. | überdenken, überlegen |
throw away | dispose of | I had to throw some of my old clothes away because I didn’t have room for the new ones. | wegwerfen |
turn down | decrease the volume or strength (heat, light, etc.) | Please, turn the radio down otherwise the neighbours might complain. | leiser stellen (Lautstärke), abblenden (Licht), herunterdrehen (z. B. einen Thermostat oder eine Klimaanlage) |
turn down | refuse | They turned the student down because he had no work experience. | ablehnen |
turn off | stop the energy flow, switch off | Could you, please, turn the radio off and start studying? | ausstellen, abschalten, abstellen |
turn on | start the energy flow, switch on | I didn’t turn the lights on and fell over a chair. | einschalten |
turn up | increase the volume or strength (heat, light, etc.) | It’s so hot in here. Please, turn the air conditioning up. | aufdrehen (Heizung, Lautstärke…) |
turn up | appear suddenly | Larry turned up unexpectedly and surprised everyone. | auftauchen |
try on | sample clothing | She tried the dress on, but it was too big. | anprobieren (Kleidung) |
try out | test | I would have to try this car out before buying it. | ausprobieren (im Sinne von Testen) |
wake up | stop sleeping | We have to wake up at six at the latest to catch our train. | aufwachen |
warm up | prepare body for exercise | Stretching exercises warm up our bodies and prevent injuries. | sich aufwärmen |
wear off | fade away | Water-resistant mascaras don’t wear off so fast. | abnutzen, vergehen |
work out | exercise | She works out a lot to stay in shape. | trainieren |
work out | be successful | Thankfully everything has worked out all right. | Erfolg haben, klappen |
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