Graphs and charts = Diagramme bzw. Schaubilder
In der Geschäftswelt gehören Besprechungen und Präsentationen zum Alltag. Oftmals demonstrieren diese entweder unser Wissen und Fähigkeiten oder Unwissen bzw. unsere Unfähigkeit, Informationen bezüglich eines Themas entsprechend zu vermitteln. In zwei vorherigen Kapiteln haben wir Ihnen Besprechungen und Präsentationen bereits ausführlich vorgestellt, im Rahmen dieses Abschnittes werden Sie jedoch Neues über Diagramme bzw. Schaubilder erfahren, die sicherlich ein wichtiger Bestandteil jeder geschäftlichen Präsentation sind. Eine solche visuelle Darstellung kann Ihnen dabei behilflich sein, bestimmte Daten anzuführen bzw. zu beschreiben, jedoch nur im Falle, dass Sie diese Hilfen auch richtig und effektiv einsetzten können.
1. USEFUL WORDS = NÜTZLICHER WORTSCHATZ
1.1. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS FOR DIAGRAMS (CHARTS AND GRAPHS) = NÜTZLICHE AUSDRÜCKE FÜR DIAGRAMME BZW. SCHAUBILDER
- table/chart = die Tabelle/das Diagramm
- line chart = das Liniendiagramm
- bar chart (ame also ‘bar graph’) = das Balkendiagramm
- column chart = das Säulendiagramm
- pie chart = das Kreisdiagramm/das Tortendiagramm
- paired bar chart = gruppiertes Balkendiagramm
- flow chart (flow diagram) = das Ablaufdiagramm (z. B. der Ablauf eines Vorgangs oder Programmes)
- percentage bar chart = gestapeltes Balkendiagramm
- column = die Säule
- graph = das Diagramm/der Graph
- single line graph = a graph using only one line (possibly) illustrating one trend = ein Diagramm mit nur einer Linie, die (möglicherweise) einen Trend anzeigt
- multiple line graph = a graph using more than one lines (possibly) illustrating different trends = ein Diagramm mit mehreren Linien, die (möglicherweise) mehrere Trends anzeigen
- axis (vertical/horizontal) (plural: axes) = die Achse (senkrechte bzw. vertikale/waagerechte bzw. horizontale)
- segment = das Segment/das Teilstück
- line = die Linie
- solid line = a line entirely without holes (dots) = ausgezogene Linie
- broken line = a disconnected (not continuous) line = unterbrochene Linie
- dotted line = a line made up of dots or dashes = gepunktete oder punktierte Linie
- curve = die Kurve
- diagram = das Diagramm/das Schaubild
- quadrant = der Quadrant
- bubble diagram = das Blasendiagramm
1.2. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS FOR DESCRIBING THE PROCESS (FLOW) OF A PARTICULAR EVENT WITH A DIAGRAM = NÜTZLICHE AUSDRÜCKE BEIM BESCHREIBEN EINES DIAGRAMMS
- to expand = (sich) ausdehnen/(sich) erweitern
- to increase/to rise/to go up/to grow = steigen/(sich) erhöhen/ansteigen/ /anwachsen
- to recover strongly = sich stark erholen
- to peak = den höchsten Punkt/Wert erreichen
- to take off/to shoot up/to rocket/to soar/to boom/to jump = schnell und plötzlich wachsen/boomen/hochschießen/in die Höhe schießen
- to reach (a) peak/to reach the highest point = den Höchststand erreichen
- to level out /levelled out/off/stabilized = (sich) beruhigen/(sich) angleichen/(sich) einpendeln (z. B. die Preise)/stabil sein
- (to reach) a plateau = sich stabilisieren/stagnieren
- to recover/to pick up = sich erholen
- to remain steady/stable/constant = konstant/stabil bleiben
- to stabilize/to level off = (sich) stabilisieren/(sich) beruhigen/(sich) einpendeln
- to shrink = senken (z. B. die Kosten)/schrumpfen (z. B. die Preise)
- to recover slightly = sich leicht erholen
- to reach the lowest point/to hit the bottom/to hit a low/to bottom out = den Tiefstand erreichen
- to fluctuate = schwanken/fluktuieren/sich ständig verändern
- to decrease/to decline/to fall/to go down/to drop/to reduce = sinken/zurückgehen/fallen
- to plunge/to dive/to plummet /to sank/to crash/to tumble = (schnell, plötzlich, unerwartet) (ab)stürzen/fallen/sinken
1.3. NOUNS OF MOVEMENT = NOMEN, DIE BESTIMMTE VERÄNDERUNGEN BZW. ABLÄUFE BEZEICHNEN
- fluctuation = die Schwankung/die Fluktuation
- decrease = der Rückgang/die Abnahme/die Senkung
- drop = der Rückgang/das Fallen (schnell und plötzlich)
- rise = die Erhöhung/der Anstieg
- reduction = die Senkung/die Reduktion/die Herabsetzung
- fall = die Abnahme/das Fallen/der Rückgang
- improvement = die Verbesserung/die Steigerung
- increase = die Steigerung /der Anstieg
- decline = der Rückgang/die Abnahme
- recovery = die Erholung/der Aufschwung/die Belebung (z. B. der Konjunktur, Wirtschaft)
1.4. OTHER USEFUL EXPRESSIONS = ANDERE NÜTZLICHE AUSDRÜCKE
- to stand at = sich auf etw. belaufen
- give or take = mehr oder weniger
- dip = der Rückgang/die Senkung
- to dip = fallen/sinken/zurückgehen
- peak = der Höchststand
- just short of = etwas weniger als
- position on the market = die Marktstellung
- lowest level = der Tiefststand
- visual display = optische Anzeige
- to improve = (sich) verbessern/optimieren/aufbessern
- performance = die Leistungsfähigkeit/die Ausführung/die Produktivität
- correlation = der Zusammenhang/die Korrelation/wechselseitige Beziehung
- overall trend = allgemeiner Trend
- ups and downs = Höhen und Tiefen
- trend = der Trend
- downward trend = der Abwärtstrend
- upward trend = der Aufwärtstrend
- highest level = der Höchststand
- inversely correlated = etw. ist mit etw. umgekehrt korreliert
- to represent = etw. darstellen
- a rise of some ________ €/$ = an increase of some (approximately) ________ €/$ = ein Anstieg um ungefähr ________ €/$
- inverse correlation = inverser bzw. umgekehrter Zusammenhang/inverse bzw. umgekehrte Korrelation
- percent / per cent (plural: percent/per cent) = das Prozent
- correlated /correlative = etw. korreliert mit etw./etw. steht mit etw. in einer wechselseitigen Beziehung
- a correlation between… = ein Zusammenhang/eine Korrelation zwischen …
- in the region of = im Bereich von …/ungefähr
- to reach = erreichen
- to be well below/to be way under = weit unter … liegen/deutlich unter … liegen (z. B. unter den Erwartungen)
- percentage = der Prozentsatz
- section = das Teilstück/das Teil
- preferred … over = jmdm./etw. vorgezogen sein
- share = der Anteil
- to be well above/to be way over = weit über … liegen/deutlich über … liegen (z. B. über den Erwartungen)
- fraction = der Bruchteil
- to account for = etw. ausmachen (dieser Teil macht 5% des/der gesamten …. aus)
1.5. USEFUL ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS WHEN DESCRIBING DIAGRAMS = NÜTZLICHE ADJEKTIVE UND ADVERBIEN, MIT DEREN HILFE MAN DIAGRAMME BESCHREIBT
- enormous = large in size or extent or amount or power or degree = immens/enorm →enormously = very much/extremely = immens/enorm
- slight = small in quantity or degree; not much or almost none or at least some = leicht/gering → slightly = to a small degree or extent = leicht/gering
- huge = unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope = immens/gewaltig → hugely = extremely = immens/gewaltig
- minimal = the least possible = minimal → minimally = to a minimal degree = minimal
- substantial = fairly large = beträchtlich/wesentlich/erheblich → substantially = to a great extent or degree = beträchtlich/wesentlich/erheblich
- moderate = being within reasonable or average limits; not excessive or extreme = angemessen/normal → moderately = to a moderately sufficient extent or degree = angemessen/normal
- steep = sudden and very big (esp. of a rise or a fall in an amount) = drastisch/stark/enorm → steeply = in a steep manner = drastisch/stark/enorm
- sharp = (of a rise/fall/change) sudden and rapid = stark/drastisch →sharply = suddenly and rapidly = stark/drastisch
- rapid = done or occurring in a brief period of time = rasch/rapid/steil/schnell → rapidly = with rapid movements = rasch/rapid/steil/schnell
- considerable = large or relatively large in number or amount or extent or degree = beträchtlich/wesentlich/erheblich → considerably = to a great extent or degree = beträchtlich/wesentlich/erheblich
- steady = not liable to fluctuate or especially to fall = stabil/konstant→ steadily = in a steady manner = stabil/konstant
- swift = moving very fast = schnell/rasch → swiftly = in a swift manner = schnell/rasch
- disappointing = not up to expectations = enttäuschend → disappointingly = in a disappointing manner = enttäuschend
- quick = done with speed/moving fast/happening very soon = schnell/rasch → quickly/quick (both adverbs) = fast; soon = schnell/rasch
- sudden = happening without warning or in a short space of time = plötzlich/unerwartet → suddenly = quickly and without warning = plötzlich/unerwartet
- gradual = proceeding in small stages = allmählich/stufenweise → gradually = in a gradual manner = allmählich/stufenweise
- encouraging = giving courage or confidence or hope = ermutigend/vielversprechend → encouragingly = in a encouraging manner = ermutigend/vielversprechend
- gentle = soft and mild = sanft → gently = in a gentle manner = sanft
- rough = not quite exact or correct = grob/ungefähr → roughly = imprecise but fairly close to correct = grob/ungefähr
- spectacular = very impressive = spektakulär/sensationell → spectacularly = very impressively = spektakulär/sensationell
- slow = not moving quickly or taking a comparatively long time = langsam → slowly = without speed = langsam
- dramatic = sensational in appearance or thrilling in effect = dramatisch/drastisch → dramatically = in a dramatic manner = dramatisch/drastisch
- disastrous = (of events) having extremely unfortunate or dire consequences → katastrophal/verheerend = disastrously = katastrophal/verheerend
- marked = easily noticeable = deutlich/spürbar → markedly = in a clearly noticeable manner = deutlich/spürbar
2. USEFUL PHRASES = NÜTZLICHE PHRASEN
2.1. GENERAL PHRASES = ALLGEMEINE PHRASEN
- The diagram/chart/graph/… presents data (showing)… = Das Diagramm/Das Schaubild/… gibt Informationen über …
- As we can see from the diagram/chart/graph… = Dem Diagramm/Dem Schaubild/… ist zu entnehmen, dass …
- From the diagram/chart/graph/… we can conclude that… = Aus dem Diagramm/dem Schaubild/… können wir schlussfolgern, dass …
- As can be seen from the diagram/chart/graph = Aus dem Diagramm/dem Schaubild/… ist zu ersehen, dass/wie …
- The diagram/chart/graph/… provides (strong) evidence that… = Das Diagramm/Das Schaubild/… liefert (überzeugende) Beweise, dass …
- According to the diagram/chart/graph/… = Aus dem Diagramm/dem Schaubild/… geht hervor, dass …
- The diagram/chart/graph/… (clearly) shows/indicates that… = Das Diagramm/Das Schaubild/… gibt (klare) Auskunft darüber, was/wie viele/dass …
- As is evident from the diagram/chart/graph/… = Aus dem Diagramm/dem Schaubild/… ist ersichtlich, dass …
- As the diagram/chart/graph/… illustrates… = Wie das Diagramm/das Schaubild/… veranschaulicht, …
- The diagram/chart/graph/… provides (strong) support for the theory/thesis that… = Das Diagramm/Das Schaubild/… unterstützt (nachdrücklich) die Theorie/These, dass …
2.2. PHRASES EXPRESSING NEGATION = PHRASEN, DIE ETWAS NEGIEREN BZW. VERNEINEN
- The diagram/chart/graph/… doesn’t provide (strong) evidence that… = Das Diagramm/Das Schaubild/… liefert keine (überzeugenden) Beweise, dass …
- The diagram/chart/graph/… does not present data (showing)… = Das Diagramm/Das Schaubild/… gibt keine Informationen über …
- The diagram/chart/graph/… doesn’t provide (strong) support for the theory/thesis that… = Das Diagramm/Das Schaubild/… unterstützt nicht (nachdrücklich) die Theorie/These, dass …
- The diagram/chart/graph/… doesn’t show… = Das Diagramm/Das Schaubild/… zeigt nicht …
- The diagram/chart/graph/… doesn’t illustrate… = Das Diagramm/Das Schaubild/… veranschaulicht nicht …
- It is not evident from the diagram/chart/graph/… that… = Aus dem Diagramm/dem Schaubild/… ist nicht ersichtlich, dass …
- The diagram/chart/graph/… does not (clearly) indicate that… = Das Diagramm/Das Schaubild/… gibt keine (klare) Auskunft darüber, was/wie viele/dass …
- From the diagram/chart/graph/… it is not evident/clear that… = Aus dem Diagramm/dem Schaubild/… ist nicht ersichtlich, dass …
- From the diagram/chart/graph/… we cannot conclude that… = Aus dem Diagramm/dem Schaubild/… können wir nicht schlussfolgern, dass …
2.3. PHRASES INDICATING INCONCLUSIVE EVIDENCE = PHRASEN, DIE AUF UNZUREICHENDE BEWEISMITTEL HINDEUTEN
- The diagram/chart/graph provides inconclusive evidence regarding… = Das Diagramm/Das Schaubild/… liefert unzureichende Beweise bezüglich …
- The diagram/chart/graph does not indicate/illustrate/show/… whether… = Das Diagramm/Das Schaubild/… gibt keine Auskunft darüber/veranschaulicht nicht/zeigt nicht, ob …
- We can draw no conclusions regarding… from the diagram/chart/graph/… = Aus dem Diagramm/dem Schaubild/… können wir bezüglich … keine Schlussfolgerungen ziehen.
SAMPLE DIALOGS
Dialog 1
TOM: John, can you explain what we’re seeing here in this graph?
JIM: Of course, Jane, we’re looking at sales figures for the first 3 quarters of this year.
TOM: Can you walk us through the numbers?
JIM: My pleasure. You see here that at the beginning of the year we continued to ride the successful wave we ended last year on, without dropping off after the holiday spike.
TOM: But we do see a slight dip in January, right?
JIM: Sure, but it was negligible, and we recovered immediately. I think that shows that the beginning of the year was very stable.
TOM: Ok, you’ve convinced me. How’d we do the rest of the year?
JIM: Quite well indeed. Our positive growth continued through Q1 and into Q2, where it spiked right before the summer, as customers scrambled to buy before summer. We topped out at 5,000 orders per month in June, and before dropping a bit to 4,500 in July.
TOM: I see that that drop continued into August, should we be worried about this?
JIM: It’s true, yes, that August was not our best month, but you can see things started to pick back up in September, and preliminary figures for Q4 are promising indeed. Not to worry!
Dialog 2
TOM: So why did you use a bar graph instead of a line graph.
JIM: I used a bar graph because the measuring intervals are fewer in the data I’m trying to show.
TOM: I don’t see the connection between those two things.
JIM: Well, a line graph is perfect when you want to show intermediate steps.
TOM: Aha, I see what you mean, you just want to show the number our figures were at for each quarter.
JIM: Exactly, without necessarily devoting attention to what happened in between.
TOM: So it’s only important where we were, not how we got there.
JIM: Exactly, makes sense right?
Dialog 3
TOM: You can see from the pie charts the change in our market share over the past few years.
JIM: Every chart shows a new year?
TOM: Yes, and the wedge that indicates our growth is in blue.
JIM: Yeah you can clearly see our expansion in a data representation like that.
TOM: And not just that, you can also see the reduction in the respective market shares of our competitors.
JIM: But what’s that green wedge that suddenly appears in last year’s pie chart?
TOM: Good question: that’s the market entry of a small-time player. They had a bit of hype surrounding their launch, which is why you see such a big wedge that year.
JIM: But then it’s already gone by last year’s graph.
TOM: Yeah, looks like all the buzz wasn’t backed up by any substance, and they fizzled out as quickly as they came.
Dialog 4
TOM: The evidence from this chart is pretty sobering, wouldn’t you say?
JIM: I would definitely agree. It shows clear as day the effects of the crisis.
TOM: Exactly. You can see how prices were soaring from 2004 to 2007.
JIM: Business was great back then.
TOM: Then you see some weird fluctuations from 2007 to 2009, as if some people in the market were gaining confidence, while other were losing it.
JIM: Yeah, figures really swing to extremes in that period.
TOM: But just for a while. After 2009 those fluctuations turned to a pretty serious crash.
JIM: The bottom just dropped out, huh?
TOM: Just like you said. It looked like there was no end to the fall in sight.
JIM: Thankfully we’ve recovered since then.
TOM: Eh, don’t count your chickens before they’ve hatched.
Dialog 5
TOM: How can you be so sure this diagram will help our client realize the significance of our product?
JIM: I think that only a diagram can illustrate the inverse correlation.
TOM: Why do you think that?
JIM: Well inverse correlation is a tough concept to grasp mentally. Our brains are good at direct correlations, if X then Y.
TOM: Yeah, that’s what we’re used to thinking about: cause and effect.
JIM: Exactly. But inverse correlations are if X then not Y, and that’s a little harder to understand.
TOM: So you think this diagram will do the trick?
JIM: I’m pretty confident of that. It will accurately show the customer that as the intensity of this factor increases, the other factor decreases accordingly, and, more importantly, vice versa.
GRAPH DESCRIPTIONS
1
This year’s start was satisfactory. In the first quarter our sales rose considerably. The second quarter was even better, as the company’s sales went up noticeably. The rise was continuous and steady and reached a peak in the third quarter at 5,432,000 items. By the end of October, our sales had gone up by almost 60 per cent. The last quarter saw a minor drop, but it was still a successful year. Last year was much worse, with stability in the first half of the year and terrible fluctuations in the second.
2
It should be noted that the overall trend for the first quarter was constantly upwards.
A humble increase of 46 units sold in January was followed by an evident rise to approximately 265 in February, and then sales continued to climb until they reached nearly 300 by the end of April.
3
After beginning the year at almost 460 units, sales dropped to around 370 in May. There was a moderate increase to 405 in July before falling back to 280 in September, a declining trend that extended into October. The period finished with a breathtaking drop to 80 units sold.
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